Voices from the Margins: Enhancing Disaster Response and Communication among Indigenous Peoples in the ASEAN Region

Abstract

Indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia, numbering about 70 million, inhabit some of the region’s most hazard-prone areas yet remain marginalized in disaster response and communication systems. This paper explores how ASEAN’s disaster risk reduction (DRR) frameworks can better integrate indigenous needs, knowledge, and voices. Drawing on literature, policy documents, and case studies from the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and Myanmar, we identify barriers such as language gaps, technological divides, and cultural disconnects that hinder effective early warning communication. At the same time, indigenous knowledge—exemplified by the Smong tsunami lore in Simeulue, Indonesia—has demonstrated critical value in anticipating hazards and saving lives. We propose a conceptual framework for inclusive disaster communication that bridges scientific early warning systems with traditional knowledge and community networks. Findings highlight gaps in communication, knowledge integration, and participation: while ASEAN mechanisms promote inclusivity, stronger implementation is needed through multilingual alerts, community co-management, and indigenous representation in decision-making. We advance a model of “two-way” disaster communication that respects local worldviews while aligning with global standards such as the Sendai Framework. Policy implications emphasize reducing inequalities, empowering communities for climate action, and strengthening institutions (SDGs 10, 13, 16). Recommendations include adopting community-based multilingual warning systems, institutionalizing indigenous participation, and preserving traditional knowledge for sustainable development and climate adaptation.